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La révision de la stratégie de développement s'explique par un affaiblissement de l'entreprise à cause d'évènements externes comme la pandémie de coronavirus, la guerre en Ukraine, la flambée des prix des carburants ou encore l'inflation, explique la compagnie.
Air Belgium indique que les employés liés à l'activité passagers restent actifs durant la procédure "et au-delà". La direction veut les réaffecter graduellement aux autres activités.
Pour les clients qui ont déjà acheté un billet, les vols programmés avant le 3 octobre seront assurés et les vols retour seront pris en charge par Air Belgium, en propre ou par le biais d'autres compagnies aériennes. Ceux programmés après cette date et déjà payés seront annulés et remboursés.
Née en 2016, la compagnie aérienne occupe quelque 500 collaborateurs.
Le gouvernement place la rentrée scolaire sous le signe de l’olympisme et du paralympisme. Cette année 2022-2023 serait « l’occasion de renforcer tous les dispositifs favorisant la pratique physique et sportive des élèves », parmi lesquels les « 30 minutes d’activité physique quotidienne » expérimentées à la rentrée 2020 puis généralisées à la rentrée 2022.
La mesure se veut emblématique du projet « héritage social », adossé à l’accueil des Jeux olympiques et paralympiques (JOP) à Paris en 2024 consistant à faire de l’évènement un tremplin pour répondre à des problématiques sociales. Que pouvons-nous attendre de ces « 30 minutes d’activité physique quotidienne » qui ont vocation à être développées dans toutes les écoles élémentaires ?
Notre article s’appuie sur un travail de thèse en cours lors duquel nous avons rencontré une quarantaine d’acteurs impliqués dans le déploiement du dispositif : des professeurs des écoles chargés de le mettre en œuvre aux décideurs olympiques et politiques l’ayant initié, en passant par une majorité d’acteurs intermédiaires des services décentralisés de l’Éducation nationale.
Lutter contre la sédentarité
La mesure des « 30 minutes d’activité physique quotidienne », portée à la fois par le comité d’organisation des jeux olympiques et paralympiques et le ministère de l’Éducation nationale et des Sports, a pour ambition de faire bouger les élèves en proie à une sédentarité croissante. La demande est de faire réaliser aux élèves un minimum de 30 minutes d’activité physique quotidienne les jours où ils n’ont pas de cours d’Éducation physique et sportive (EPS).
Le dispositif se distingue de la discipline scolaire qui vise des apprentissages concrets en termes de compétences motrices, méthodologiques et sociales. Cependant, cette dernière a toujours inclus dans ses finalités la santé des élèves. Elle est programmée 3 heures par semaine mais une majorité des enseignants fait face à de trop nombreuses difficultés, notamment en termes de formation, pour pouvoir l’enseigner à hauteur des attentes institutionnelles.
Les « 30 minutes d’activité physique quotidienne » peuvent se concrétiser sous la forme de pauses actives entre des cours « théoriques », de séances d’apprentissage en mouvement, ou encore d’une incitation à l’activité physique sur les temps de récréation : une grande marge de liberté est laissée aux enseignants quant aux modalités de mise en œuvre.
L’Organisation mondiale de la santé fixe le seuil d’activité physique d’intensité modérée à soutenue, préconisé pour les enfants de 5 à 17 ans, à 1 heure par jour. L’ambition présentée au travers du choix des « 30 minutes » pour l’école est de souligner la responsabilité partagée entre le système scolaire et les familles face au problème public et, dans une logique de continuité éducative, d’inciter les parents à se poser la question de la sédentarité de leurs enfants et à œuvrer pour la réalisation de la demi-heure restante.
L’héritage de Paris 2024 « en jeu »
Le dispositif est considéré par le COJOP comme l’un des plus emblématiques de l’héritage des jeux. L’objectif de mise à l’activité de la population française est un vrai défi quand une majorité des travaux de recherche montrent que l’influence de l’accueil d’un grand évènement sur celle-ci s’avère non significative. Cependant, la promotion d’un dispositif concernant toutes les écoles d’un pays dans le cadre de l’accueil d’un méga-événement est inédite.
Présentation du dispositif 30 minutes d’activité physique par jour à l’école sur le site du ministère de l’Éducation nationale.
Plusieurs outils sont développés pour accompagner les enseignantes et enseignants dans la mise en œuvre des « 30 minutes d’activité physique quotidienne ». Le site web Génération 2024 recense un ensemble de fiches ressources allant des fiches pédagogiques conçues par les groupes de travail académiques, aux « poses sport et attitudes » des mascottes des Jeux, en passant par le hiit de Mc Fly et Carlito. « L’équipe de France des 30APQ » est constituée de sportifs et sportives de haut niveau s’engageant à se déplacer dans des classes pour évoquer les bénéfices d’une pratique sportive quotidienne pour le bien-être physique et mental.
Enfin, un kit de matériel sportif (chasubles, ballons, etc.), conçu en partenariat avec Décathlon, devrait être livré à toutes les écoles avant la fin de l’année scolaire. Un certain nombre d’établissements, s’étant déclarés engagés sur le dispositif lors de son expérimentation, en sont déjà dotés. Ce soutien, positivement reçu par les établissements qui ont parfois du mal à se doter en matériel sportif, soulève d’ores et déjà quelques problématiques logistiques.
Le fait que ces outils fassent appel à des sportifs ou aux célébrités de la jeune génération renvoie à des stratégies de communication. À travers cette volonté de démontrer le pouvoir de transformation sociale des Jeux, c’est la question de la légitimité de leur accueil qui est en jeu, sachant que l’évènement n’est pas sans provoquer des contestations citoyennes.
L’enjeu est d’autant plus fort pour les territoires au cœur de l’aventure Paris 2024. Ainsi, sous l’impulsion donnée par les acteurs intermédiaires : recteur, inspecteur académique et conseillers pédagogiques, nous pouvons observer un engouement particulier pour le dispositif dans l’académie de Créteil, qui est un de nos terrains d’étude. Celui-ci prend par exemple la forme de sessions de formation continue à destination des professeurs des écoles portant spécifiquement sur le dispositif.
Un « mille-feuille » de dispositifs scolaires
Si les acteurs éducatifs rencontrés dans nos enquêtes reconnaissent qu’il faut prendre en compte les problèmes de sédentarité, beaucoup questionnent la solution proposée. La critique principale porte sur l’accumulation des attentes institutionnelles. En effet, les « 30 minutes d’activité physique quotidienne » viennent compléter un « mille-feuille » de dispositifs : « Savoir nager », « Aisance aquatique », « Savoir rouler à vélo », les « éducation à » – éducation artistique et culturelle, développement durable – pour n’en citer que quelques-uns.
30 minutes d’activité physique à l’école (Le Mag de la Santé, 2022).
« Quand tout est priorité, plus rien n’est priorité », témoigne un conseiller pédagogique. Les injonctions plurielles auxquelles font alors face les enseignants ne sont pas étrangères au mal-être au travail qui touche cette profession. Par ailleurs, ces dernières années, les moyens humains et en formation pour accompagner l’enseignement de l’EPS ont été revus à la baisse, avec notamment la disparition provisoire de la formation continue en EPS du fait de la focale « maths-français » attendue sous le mandat de Jean Michel Blanquer.
Le Syndicat national de l’éducation physique (SNEP) questionne la création d’une nouvelle mesure qui prévaut sur la revalorisation de la discipline scolaire. Le déploiement du dispositif est en partie freiné par ces paradoxes qu’observent les conseillers pédagogiques départementaux en EPS. En charge de diffuser la commande ministérielle dans les écoles de leur département, certains investissent plus ou moins de temps pour son déploiement en fonction de leurs convictions relatives aux « 30 minutes d’activité physique quotidienne ».
Le choix du format du dispositif peut également être questionné à l’aune des études scientifiques. En effet, dans une méta-analyse portant sur 24 types d’interventions en école primaire à l’international, les chercheurs et chercheuses montrent qu’en moyenne cela ne participe pas à augmenter significativement le niveau d’activité physique des élèves. Lorsque des effets sont lisibles en termes de limitation de la sédentarité, ceux-ci restent minimes. Les préconisations s’orientent alors vers des interventions solidement conçues avec un suivi rigoureux dans le temps.
Interroger les transformations de comportements qu’impliquent les « 30 minutes d’activité physique quotidienne » est nécessaire. Cette procédure était inexistante lors de la phase d’expérimentation. Une plate-forme recensait alors les écoles déclarant s’engager dans le dispositif, les résultats peu concluants ont servi de base pour communiquer sur les retombées du dispositif. L’année à venir sera aussi celle du déploiement de procédures dévaluation du dispositif qui manquaient rigoureusement jusqu’à aujourd’hui.
Rue commerçante parisienne Ekaterina Belova / stock.adobe.com
56% des Français ont recours au télétravail. Cela a rebattu les cartes de la fréquentation selon les jours et les lieux.
«Le vendredi est le nouveau samedi», constate Cédric Losdat, directeur de la division coiffure de Provalliance (marques Franck Provost, Jean Louis David ou encore Saint Algue), le numéro un européen de la coiffure avec 1700 salons en France. Un changement directement lié au phénomène du télétravail. Après avoir émergé pendant la pandémie, ce mode d'organisation est entré dans les mœurs. Ses adeptes font en moyenne deux jours de travail à distance par semaine, selon une étude Malakoff Humanis.
De quoi bouleverser le quotidien d'un certain nombre de commerces. Les coiffeurs sont de ceux-là. Les pics de fréquentation ne sont plus les mêmes jours. Et la fréquentation s'est également déplacée géographiquement puisque les télétravailleurs consomment désormais davantage près de leur domicile. Dans un contexte général de baisse de la fréquentation des salons de coiffure, «il y a aujourd’hui une augmentation de la fréquentation d’environ 3,6% pour nos coiffeurs présents en centre-ville», explique…
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